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2026-06-23
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Li-Ion Battery Technology
Patent Highlights – Free Version

In-situ polymerized poly(ionic liquid) interlayers for Li6PS5Cl solid-state lithium metal batteries, single-furnace carbothermal growth of core-shell silicon-carbon nanowire anodes, and melt-homogenization lithiation of polycrystalline NMC cathodes with unmilled lithium hydroxide

Prospective High Impact Advancements

⚡
Electrolytes
Solid & Semi-Solid
CATL
In-situ polymerized acrylate-imidazolium poly(ionic liquid) + LiTFSI interlayer (4 : 1 monomer-to-salt) between Li6PS5Cl and lithium metal anode
Retention: 92% @100 cycles
LG Energy Solution
Sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (3M1P, thiol-sulfonate) coating on Li6PS5Cl argyrodite forming in-situ interface layer directing dense lithium deposition
Critical current density: 2.4 mA/cm2 @2 MPa
WeLion New Energy
Electrospun fibrous Li6PS5Cl (290 nm diameter) blended 3 : 1 with particulate electrolyte forming three-dimensional ion-conduction network in high-Ni NCM cathode pressed at 18 MPa
Electrode σ: 2 × 10−4 S/cm
−
Anode
Negative Electrode
Ningbo Shanshan
Single-furnace carbothermal synthesis of crystalline-silicon-core / amorphous-carbon-shell nanowires (10–20 nm core, 15 nm shell) from SiO2 and charcoal with polyimide-derived carbon coating
Retention: 89.2% @50 cycles
Panasonic
Dual nitrogen oxoacid salt coating (LiNO3 + NaNO3, 2.5 mass% each) on silicon-carbon composite particles forming nitrogen-containing solid electrolyte interphase
Relative durability: 100.4 @350 cycles
Shin-Etsu Chemical
Sub-380°C silane (SiH4) CVD depositing amorphous silicon (coordination number ≤3.3, 1.1 nm grain size, interfacial Si–C bonds) in porous carbon, with pore-sealing acetylene-CVD carbon coating
Retention: 77% @1000 cycles
+
Cathode
Positive Electrode
Tesla
Melt-homogenization of polycrystalline NMC precursor with unmilled lithium hydroxide (D50 ≥ 150 μm) that melts during homogenization to coat particles, eliminating the lithium-source milling step
Process: Lithium-source milling eliminated
POSCO Future M
Ti-Mg co-doped LiMn0.594Fe0.396PO4 (Ti, Mg each < 0.007 mol per formula unit) suppressing secondary-particle cracking under high-pressure electrode pressing
10 C discharge: 122.6 mAh/g
Umicore
Phosphorus and silicon co-doping of very-high-nickel NMC (Ni0.96) introduced at the co-precipitation stage, suppressing high-temperature gas generation and cell bulging
Cell thickness increase: 12.5% @90°C, 20 hours
Benchmarking Experiments in Patents ⓘ
These benchmarks are drawn directly from experiments reported in the patents, where an inventive example incorporating the claimed innovation is compared against a comparative example that omits it while keeping the cell configuration, chemistry, and test conditions otherwise equivalent.
100-Cycle Capacity Retention with Poly(ionic liquid) Interlayer (CATL)
92%
30.2%
In-situ polymerized acrylate-imidazolium poly(ionic liquid) + LiTFSI interlayer (4 : 1 monomer-to-salt, 30 μm) vs. no interlayer • 100-cycle capacity retention, LiNbO3-coated NCM811 / Li6PS5Cl / Li metal cells, 0.33 C charge / 0.33 C discharge, 2.6–4.3 V, 25°C, 5 MPa
Critical Current Density with Bifunctional Sulfide Coating (LG Energy Solution)
2.4 mA/cm2
0.3
Sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (3M1P, bifunctional thiol-sulfonate) coating on Li6PS5Cl argyrodite vs. uncoated Li6PS5Cl • critical current density, symmetric lithium cells, 2 MPa stack pressure, 25°C
1000-Cycle Retention with Low-Temperature Silane CVD Silicon (Shin-Etsu Chemical)
77%
55%
Sub-380°C silane CVD amorphous silicon (coordination number ≤3.3, interfacial Si–C bonds, 1.1 nm grain size) vs. 430°C adsorptive thermal decomposition (5.3 nm grain size, no Si–C bond) • capacity retention after 1000 cycles, 0.7 C charge / 0.5 C discharge, silicon-carbon full cells
High-Temperature Cell Bulging Suppression with P/Si Co-Doping (Umicore)
12.5%
53.7%
Phosphorus + silicon co-doping of Ni0.96 NMC (0.093 mol% P, 0.036 mol% Si, introduced at co-precipitation) vs. undoped Ni0.96 NMC • cell thickness increase after 90°C, 20 hours storage, 2000 mAh pouch full cells, charged to 4.2 V (lower is better)